United States police vs Brazilian police Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

United States police vs Brazilian police - Essay Example In both the US and Brazil, police are tasked with arresting, searching, and detaining lawbreakers (U.S. Department of State). There exist different policing branches to ensure that such tasks are completed passably. This paper explores policing in Brazil and the United states, the differences between the two, how policing affects the country, and the different policing branches in both countries. There are diverse distinguishable differences that exist between policing in the United States and Brazilian police. The difference in policing all depends on the training and culture adopted by the police departments. The United States leans more on ethical policing (U.S. Department of State), as compared to Brazil that has a more barbarous system. Brazilian police are termed as being trigger-happy and appallingly violent, and this is mostly because of revenge missions against mobs that may have assassinated members of their workforce. According to Wells, â€Å"in the United States, with a population 60 percent larger than Brazil and more firearms in circulation, 410 civilians were killed during the same year. It compared the number of Brazilians killed to the 89 police killed while on duty during the same period -- the equivalent of 21 civilians dying for every police officer during the course of the year†. Although police brutality is reported in both countries, it is more rampant in Brazil as compared to America (Wells). The Brazilian policing system has been forced into this kind of callousness because of â€Å"high levels of violent crime, broken judicial institutions and a lack of funding and training† (Wells). The US policing is better than Brazil’s because of advanced training, better funding, adeptness in the legal system, and generally lower levels of vicious wrongdoings. Both the Brazilian military police and several departments of the US police have utilized a radio communications system to manage police communications effectively, a factor that has

Psychoanalysis of Roald Dahl's Matilda Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Psychoanalysis of Roald Dahl's Matilda - Essay Example The superego is the opposite extreme of the id and is the force used by the father and the social and cultural institutions he represents to check and drive the person's desires into the id. The superego includes tradition, inherited values, religion and its institutions, education and its peripheries and all forms of authority. The ego is the self that emerges after an on going and continual negotiation between the id and the superego. If the person's superego is weaker than his/her id the result will be a loose, permissive, carefree, easy going or even a mad person. If the person's superego is stronger than his/her id, then that person will become a conformist to the moral and social values of the person's medium. (Douglas, 2007) The process of pyschoanalyzing a text has several approaches. One can read a text and isolate the elements in the text that reveal the inner conflicts, desires and suppressions in the person of the artist. Another way is examining elements that define the psychology of the characters in the narrative. A third way is seeing if the text reveals the collective psychology of the people and the culture that produces the work of art. In any case, the analysis should consider one or both of the two basic assumptions of the theory. The first assumption is the tripartite nature of the manifest self, whether it is the self of the author, the fictitious character, or the collective consciousness behind the work while the second one is the work of art as a dream work that reflects the suppressed content of the id of either the author or his/her characters. (Pope, 2002) In this essay, I shall be concerned in the first assumption which is determining the tripartite nature that is present in the character of Matilda. I will be trying to learn the psyche of Matilda. I would begin by providing a summary of the story Matilda written by Roald Dahl in 1988. When conducting the research, I came to realize that there are elements of the story derived directly from the experiences of the author. While this may be a good topic for psychoanalysis, our focus would be on Matilda and her psyche. Plot Summary Matilda Wormwood has the potential to be a genius but her parents do not care about her as shown by the fact that she is discouraged from reading books and encouraged in watching TV. In spite of this, Matilda perseveres and became intellectually superior in her class. TO combat her parent's being so uncaring, she devises clever pranks such as "the hat and the super glue," "the parrot-in-the-chimney-affair," and "the great hair oil switch." Her great intellect catches her teacher's, Jennifer Honey's, attention and appeal for her to be accelerated. Agatha Trunchbull, the evil headmistress, refuses. Miss Honey learned of how Matilda's parents treat her when she consults them for Matilda being sent to the university. Throughout the story, Miss Trunchbull treats her students in abusive manners such as ploughing straight through children so that they "bounce off her feet like footballs", makes regular visits to classes to "show" the teachers a few tips on discipline, throws students out of windows and even locks them in a contraption known only as "the Chokey." Matilda becomes her primary target when she learned that it was her father that sold her a second car that barely

Criminology research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminology - Research Paper Example This is a worrying trend that should not only be left to the society and the law enforcers alone (Walsh, Anthony, and Craig Hemmens 57). According to recent research that was conducted, the results showed that high school male and female comprise of almost a quarter of crime arrests which is indeed an astonishing alarming rate. The research further shows that the rate of arrests of high female is nearly half the juvenile arrests as compared to two years ago when the rate was negligible to notice. Thus, more high school females are joining the gangs in order to commit criminal activities. It is also evident that more high school male and female are committing crime at an early age in their high school years which was not the trend before where the number was higher as the high school male and female graduated to upper classes. This shows that currently, the number is shockingly increasing with the majority being from the lower classes in the high system (Siegel, 114). The development of the juvenile justice system began more than a century ago where previously; the traditional English Common law was applicable. Initially, people who committed crime were confined in the same correction facility regardless of their ages. Thus, the old and the young were handled as adult criminals. The society including the families were fully responsible of disciplinary measures for the children but if the young adults committed crime that was viewed as above the norm, they were arrested and treated in a similar manner as an adult criminal. However, this system became abolished since the young adults instead of rehabilitating themselves they came out of the correctional facilities being hardcore criminals who had been hardened due to the influence on them by the adult criminals (Siegel, Larry and Brandon, 43). There was therefore the need to

Intentional & Unintentional Socialization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Intentional & Unintentional Socialization - Essay Example This affect the person’s development of how their self-concept, how they feel, how they think, and how they act. Hence, socialization may be intentional and unintentional. Intentional socialization is the acquiring of social experience which is done on purpose. This happens â€Å"when adults have certain values that they consistently convey explicitly to the child, and when they back these up with approval for compliance and negative consequences for noncompliance† (Berns). Take for an instance the potty training that a child receives. Reminding the child continuously on how to use the toilet for urination and defecation makes the child aware that there is a proper place to do it. Another example is an adult reminding the child on not talking to strangers. The consistent reminder will let the child learn that it is not proper to talk to a person that you do not know because that person may hurt him or her. Also, an adult reminding a child to brush his teeth three times a day gives the child the impression of the importance of oral hygiene. The negative reinforcement of hitting or embarrassing the child when he/she did not do it right or giving positive reinforcement when he did it right makes it easier for him to remember these. On the other hand, unintentional socialization is acquired more as â€Å"the product of involvement in human interaction or observation† (Berns). For example, when a child sees his parents fighting, he might take it as if it is okay to shout at each other during a conversation. Another instance is that when a child sees that an adult smokes frequently, he may perceive smoking as good for the health. Moreover, the child will have the instinct to do it when he reaches the same age. Also, if a child is the only girl born in the family, she might have the tendency to resemble the look of his boy siblings, choosing more loose pair of jeans and clothes. So to say, the development of human personality is influenced

Managing people Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Managing people - Case Study Example Terry & Franklin (1994) defines management as 'a distinct process consisting of activities of planning, organising, actuating and controlling performed to determine and accomplish stated objectives with the use of human beings and other resources'. In this paper we will analyse Coca-Cola for the manner in which it manages its workforce. Coca Cola is a kind of product which is known and available in almost all parts of the world. It is said that1 'if all the Coca-Cola ever produced were in 8-ounce contour bottles laid end-to-end, they would reach to the moon and back 1,677 times'. With increasing consumer base, opening economies, globally accepted rules and regulation, emphasis on quality standards etc. the consumer base of the company is bound to see many more milestones in the near future. Therefore managing such a company becomes far more challenging as the company requires to have policies in place to manage the diversity in workforce, depending upon the regional considerations etc. With a global workforce of around 90, 500, the company has been able to attain 1.5 billion servings a day, Muhtar Kent, President and Chief Operating Officer of the company says2, "Coca-Cola isn't only a drink. It's an idea, a vision, a feeling. It's connection and refreshment." Coca-Cola being an international brand and ha... Therefore, to assess the need of new workforce, the company is in need of the following information and documentation; i. The marketing strategies and sales targets planned for the year/ region. Coca Cola prefers to have ambitious targets and with the levels of competition increasing and margins shrinking, efficiency and effectiveness are the key consideration in planning the requirement of personnel. ii. The employees' turnover ratio also plays a crucial role in such requirement. Suppose nobody leaves the job this year from the company, then the company will of course be looking to have fewer recruitments, while focusing on granting promotions and bonuses to the loyal workforce. iii. The budgetary provisions under the HR department, of course are a key consideration as it will help in deciding about the salary and perquisites structure for the workforce. iv. Regional considerations like the size of the market, topography of the area etc. For example, if the market/country is a big size, it requires a separate focus and a dedicated team, but if the market size is small, it can be clubbed with some other countries/ regions. For example China being a huge market with many more opportunities for the company, it certainly helps to have a dedicated team from top to bottom, but the markets like Thailand, Philippines etc. can be clubbed together from the point of view of top management. The sales force and lower level employees can of course be from the respective markets. Similarly, the topography and availability of facilities like transport, communication etc. also determines the kind of the workforce the company might be recruiting. v. Strategies of competing companies also play a crucial

Intro to ethics Essay Example for Free

Intro to ethics Essay The career field that I have chosen is public relations which also has a focus in journalism. Since journalism is often known as the 4th government branch because it watches over the actions of the other branches there are many controversial issues involved which required applied ethics to work through. Business ethics can be seen very strongly in public relations and journalism because there are often conflicts between advertisers which is here the largest amount of revenue comes from and editorial. For example, an article may be getting ready to run about how someone was killed by a person who illegally obtained a gun. The article may spark some gun control arguments and opinions. In the same issue of the paper there might be a firearm store placing a large display advertisement for a sale they are having. There is a dilemma there that will need applied business ethics to decide what to do. Do they run both anyways, or stick with the advertiser and trim down the details of the article so there is not as much focus on gun control? There are legal rights issues that required applied ethics reasoning also associated with public relations and journalism. There are certain details and name and things that can only be printed based on specific things such as a person being certain age and circumstances. Some areas consider it illegal to print in the obituaries that someone committed suicide. Sometimes though if it is a public matter that many people witnessed it is had to avoid printing that a suicide occurred without people know there is information being with held. In addition to this there is also always the possibility of sources being incorrect and the information you print being libelous to someone. Finally there is computer and information ethics in applied ethics. This category can be seen in public relations and journalism in much the same way as legal issues with being slanderous or libelous to someone or a company. Depending on what sources one use there may be false information coming from the computer and information. A professional in public relations of journalism has to take the responsibility to fact check and check the credentials of the sources they are using. The responsibility to check facts does not lay with the source, but with the journalist. If they received incorrect information that could have been spotted if fact checking was done they are negligent and can face very serious consequences. Fact checking cannot only hurt the legally, but also ethically. The people, businesses and other things that are written about are affected deeply. Sometimes there has to be a choice made as to whether a story is worthy of printing if it is going to harm someone or someone’s family members. Most of the time the ethical choices that have to be made in public relations and journalism stem from not which side of a topic to be on, but what to put out to the public on topics. For example, even if a reporter feels that abortion is completely wrong they cannot express this opinion. They have to write for both sides just giving the facts to what things each side says. They could be thinking abut writing to persuade people on why abortion is wrong, but the ethical decision is to step back and understand where both sides of the argument are coming from.

The Feminist Standpoint Theory

The Feminist Standpoint Theory According to Marxist theory, a standpoint cannot be achieved by mere ascribing to a fact like a perspective is, it is an achieved common identity, and it is arrived at through the experience of shared political fight (Ruxton, 2004). Feminist standpoint theory began with Hegels account of dialectic relationship between a slave and a master, and then it was strengthened by Marx and more specifically Lukacs formulation of the concept of the stand point. They argue that a suppressed slave will eventually arise and reach consciousness freedom as an end product of their struggles against the master. Hegels theory gave insight to the fact that oppression and injustices can be best analyzed, and a clear understanding made if it is viewed from the oppressed view point (Hardings, 1991). In a similar view as that of Hegels view of the relationship between a master and his slave, it can be deduced, the themes of the feminist stand point theory. According to feminist standpoint theorists Dorothy Smith and Patricia Hill Collins, the socio-political positions that women have been socialized to occupy can become important areas for information about those who are in many aspects of their social lives disadvantaged as well as those who are privileged to occupy the positions of oppressors (Smith, 2012). Thus, Hardings (1991) concludes that, starting a research on womens life will result in less biased and indistinct accounts for both the men and women the whole social order. It is for this reason that feminist standpoint theorist Dorothy Smith tries to account for the fault line of gender, in that the male counterparts are privileged socially and politically unlike their female counter parts. She further goes on to attribute the failure of men to sense the disjuncture between daily life and what they know of the world to this social location of the two genders. She defends that women by the idea of being disadvantaged in the gender power relation can relate their daily life to what they know of the world. The rational by Dorothy smith and the other feminist standpoint theorist to their assertion of this standpoint include three main principles. First, is the assertion that knowledge is socially situated, secondly, is the assumption that less privileged groups both socially and politically, are socially predisposed in a manner that make it possible for them to ask questions and be aware of things that the socially and politically privileged cannot. Finally, for an informative research, especially that which focuses on power relation, it should be carried out beginning with the lives of those marginalized. It is this three principle assumptions about feminist theories that Smith employs to analyze the reason behind the different viewpoints that men and women have on social and political issues. She puts it that collecting womens experiences, which in most scenarios is cleaning up, after mens mess forms rich site for research, for policy reform and most importantly for social change (Smith, 2005). An example is the house holds chores that women do that no one pays for or offers lifelong pension scheme. The society views such tendencies as normal while most women remain oppressed as housewives. While feminist standpoint theories claim that this status cannot be acquired by mere point of fact, or believing in the struggle, but through being part of the experiences and sharing in the struggle. On the other hand, masculinity is a performed gender identity not a sexual orientation. This is implies that it can be performed by either a male or a female. Hegemonic masculinity could be analogously referred to as an absolute form of masculinity which is virtually unattainable. It is actually the opposite of femininity (Kimmel, 2005). While women find themselves locked in the corners of feminist standpoints and are only relived from this social orders by first attaining a mentally free conscience, masculinity on the other hand, men are socialized to perform it right away from birth. According to a masculinity sociologist Michael Kimmel, masculinity in men is because of certain cultures, one is that men grow with a mentality that they deserve something, and this culture is normally referred to as the culture of entitlement, where they look forward to having children, a generation, power, and/or women. Secondly, is the culture of silence among men, this comes out in cultures where men are not allowed to do certain things such as cry, or admit emotional pain especially to people considered outsiders to the culture of masculinity. Last is the culture of men protection, which can either be portrayed by assuming that the men would not do such an action especially that which is considered illegal, or they brush it aside as being in mens nature to do that, for instance in some cultures especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In their culture, men cheating on their wives may as well be given a blind eye as it is in the mens nature or it is the womens fault that such happened ( Ruxton, 2004). Now from these two perspectives that is; feminist standpoint and masculine sociology, Dorothy Smiths view on textually mediated ruling relations brings out clearly the difference. While from a masculine point of view, there is a fixed set of expectation that any of the two genders trying to demonstrate it are expected to fit into. This includes how the society perceives them or is expected to perceive them even before their arrival (Rubin and Rubin, 2005). For instance, men are expected to dominate over women in some cultures and to protect their wives plus to provide for them. Thus when a boy is born he lives trying to reach this expectations that are set out for him. This is contradictory to the feminist standpoint that works to shake off the pre-existing social order. Feminist standpoint theory, which borrows a lot from Hegels theories, postulates that those in marginalized in social or political power relations, will rise to challenge the social order within which they find thems elves. The theory bases itself on the idea that women are utterly oppressed. While the situation may be real in some societies some women also have their privileges. Why men have to work all day to feed women who believe it should be so while they still fight for equality is still not clear in the theory. It is for this privilege that most women are never willing to confront the oppression. The ones that do are joined by the oppressed while the rest sit and watch. Conclusively, it suffices to conclude that the concept of masculinity sociology conflicts ideologically with the feminist standpoint theory. Smith attempts to explore the disjuncture between men and women in society by using the standpoint theory. Her account further attempts to explain the inevitable fault line between the two genders, which she does perfectly. However, she fails to clearly capture why exactly women have to struggle to be at par with their male counterparts. She fails to answer the oppressed male societies who go through struggle to be named by women equal with their other male strong characters. While men are frowned upon when they portray female characteristics having a list of endless abuses to such men, women who behave like men are adored. Pointing to the problem is not enough, the gap between male and female gender is much perpetuated by perceptions which each of us have to come against.