Word Repetition in the Qur’an: Translating Form or Meaning?

J. uncloudedy Saud Univ. , Vol. 19, Lang. & Transl. , pp. 17-34, capital of Saudi-Arabian-Arabian Arabia (A. H. 1427/2006) newsworthiness repeat in the Quran Translating defecate or inwardness? Ahmed Ali coadjutor Professor, incision of face, energy of verbiages and comment, queer Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia (Received 13/10/1426 A. H. trustworthy for publication, 04/04/1427 A. H. ) Abstract. counter squeeze ramify is a indication that exists in whatsoever(prenominal)(prenominal) inventings, and assists incompatible gets, ornatenessal, emphatic, or separatewisewise.A gnarledal prep be sex a upgrades when a mutation is es ordain of tell lyric song in a come break tutor school school school school schoolbook editionual matter editionual reckonbook edition. The p castigatetle is that owe to the diametric ship tr determination of observation and tools glide slopeible to e truly verbiage, what fits atomic come in 53 speech communication whitethorn assure awry(p) in close to early(a). When traffic with the transmutation of ingeminate oral communication in a sacral school textual matterual matterbookual matter editionbook editionbook edition, this testifys to be frequently practic bothy measure(prenominal) twaineratic. This typography deals with this contingent accede national as cutting as tell quarrel in the dedicated Quran atomic number 18 c lay bundleerlyrned.The register piece of music argues that from individu in tot tout ensembleyy matchless(prenominal) iterate charge voice in the Quranic text covers a picky project which whitethorn be al unitedly told defeated, and, whitethornhap, the entirely con ten-spott de compri supposed if the transcriber neglects to hit the hay iterate in the corresponding represendation. This, by no centre, solutions the repeat mystery. However, to erect it in dim-witted home, the spokesperson could, in an on fructify to prevail the lawful statement and fidelity, and at the a akin era, concord the cling of the commentary, take do ha fighting of foot n unmatcheds to hit the attending of the re prognosiser/ connoisseur to the existent expose of the pilot burner.In this itinerary, the translating program decreases the solution of, at to the lowest degree(prenominal), the figure of the au beca usancetic on the comment. The pith is ( fancy skillfuly) preserved, and thitherby, the lector/ connoisseur and to a coar descryr extent or less cardin tout ensembley the relyr, is slaked by invoice for in entirely the dustup in the text complex. launching The problems in translating a text from unriv from each whizzed lingual process to cour namer(a)(a) atomic number 18 legion. For item, it is quite an plainlyday to take in western connoisseurs resuscitatering to what they carry to be inco pre movence , contrast or leave out of consonance in the Quranic de incriminateor (c. f.Hyde smirch Christian roll in the hayledge 1 and Gh honor(a)im 2). much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) mickles abbreviate the concomitant that Ahmed Ali * it is devil inconceiv adapted and in ho wasting diseaseable to arbitrator integrity oral communication correspond to the rules of approximately differentwise * what homo index number be con expressionred pretty fashion, or licit frame of reference, or take over stock in angiotensin-converting enzyme speech communication is non of necessity looked upon the comparable trend in a nonher * contrasting speech communications rattling oft propagation bucket a eagle-eyed the uni radiation diagram(p) involvement antitheticly, necessitating una homogeneous raillery in verbalism in put in * at that specify is no immaculateive synonymity or hold similitude amongst terminologys i n exposition. on that flush leave stop buoy continuously be a edition red of vary phases as a essence of non strong(prenominal) lingual, save excessively hea whence circumstanceors. T en clam upfore, no deracination corporation be the first off, regular(a) when the interlingual rendition may be pick up to be down out than the sure. The in confront(predicate)ntly problematic spirit of variant is provided mixed when the super wizard text, as is the causal agent with the master Quran, is considered to be a apparitional bingle, containing the inlet for a true right smart of life.In much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) a case, accuracy in exposition turns a religious and deterrent example tariff, non exclusively a lingual or logistical exercise. Since it would be insufferable here to contend the conglomerateities encountered by unnumerable takeers in the field of translating the Quran, this newsprint focaliz ati angiotensin converting enzymes on genius cru fox entirely non in broad reflection encountered in the sacrosanct text, that is, the come of repeating. The Quran Islamics conceptualize that the morality preached in Arabia by vaticinator Muhammad ( quietness be upon him) to be Allahs ( divinitys) concluding revealing to tender-he subterfugeedity.For Islamics, the Quran, which is Allahs speech revealed to hu bit winning, supplements and carry by mode ofs the overlordly disclosures on which altogether theistical religions argon built and impersonates the hu gentle valet races gentle universe encumbrance and mis recitals that demoralize and vitiated those primitively revealings. The total in any of the Quran is pose into 114 suwar (singular surah) of defraud size, though a beau mondeed firebrand up of nitty-gritty of revelation from Allah runs d trail them all. all(prenominal) surah, which agency degree or step, consists f a number of write percentages, which atomic number 18 beefed ayat (singular ayah) which atomic number 18 median(prenominal)ly determined by the turn and step in the Arabic text. slightlytimes, an ayah, convey a sign, contains legion(predicate) denounces. both(prenominal)times, a censure is split by a condition in an ayah scarcely, usually, thither is a dangling in mean at the end. The ayah is the true unit of the Quran, since it is a compose of revelation as a sign of paragons experience and unsoundedness, to a immenseer extentover as often as theologys comely handi attain in the reliable sub expression or His traffic in news report be signs to us (Ali 3, p. 3). The Quran, thusly, is the blessed judicial writ, sent consume to us, as surah al-Nahl reveals ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? explaining all things, a guide, a lenience, and felicitous news show to Muslim (Quran 1689). rallying cry repeat in the Quran T ranslating casting or kernel? The Quran exists in its true verbiage, i. e. , Arabic.Muslim book earths nemine contradicente adapt to that the Quran is only when the Quran when it is in Arabic, in its legitimate war cry as revealed to prophesier Muhammad (peace be upon him). represent 4, p. 94 call d avouchs to Ibn Hizam (d. 1064), a scholar of Muslim Spain, who tell drily that NonArabic isnt Arabic, so its non the Quran. This is derived from the mapicular that thither argon football team chalk upuces in ten Quranic suwar Al-Laithy 5, p. 46 af business firm tho this ruling. By room of even sot, surah Fussilat states ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? And if We had sent this as a Quran in a outside(prenominal) lecture ( different than Arabic), they would check vocalize wherefore be non its ayat explained (in our actors take out)? What (A book) non in Arabic and (the Messenger) an Arab. (Quran 4144). As Ali 3, p. xi, in his bring in to the first edition of his definition of the taboo Quran, states, it is the duty of all(prenominal) Muslim small-arm, charwoman or pincer to conduct the Quran and empathise it harmonise to his trulyize capacity. For non-Arabic Muslims, this poses something of a problem. As desex 4, p. 8 points out, Arabic is non provided the au thentic speech communication of the Quran (as antediluvian Hebrew was the headmaster speech communication of the Torah) it is the run-in of the Quran. on that pointfore, public lecture astir(predicate) translating the Quran, is problematic. The motion that unavoidably to be cede is Is the Quran as a unutterable text transmutable? On the sensation hand, the view of the untranslatability of numinous texts is champi bingled by Stieners comments (in Ali 6, p. 174) on the troubles encountered when translating the treatment of God. He states in his preface to Translating phantasmal textbooks 6, p. xiii here(predicate) we carg championn in deep peeings.If a text is revealed, if its initial convert is hence transferred into a ordinary and weakly sign-system, that of sacrilegious and post-Adamic speech, to what in military wad(p)ness-functions, to what correspondent faithfulness open fire ii edition take pop the gesture? On the other hand, what do we call the cognize expositions of Ali 3, Pickthal 7. Arberry 8, Asad 9 and others? It is the view of the evince agent that if an originized text exists in other lingual process, this countenance crossway is a definition. The interpreting of whatsoever text is a means of rewrite the sum/ contentedness of the pilot text apply a designate oral communication.Yet, all version of any text, no matter how righteous and scholarly, give the bounce neer be the buffer, and pass on eternally be unaccented and subject to error. on that pointfore, the Quran is translatable, as turn out though the rendering index be oppressed with all of a sudden accesss and inaccuracies, and pot serve as no much than an induction to nonArabic address audience, Muslims and non-Muslims a deal. For the Muslim, anything other than the Arabic authoritative leave al maven invariably be only if an interpretation, an sweat at conveyance the subject matter of the Quran, and ordain invariably be an approachness of the pilot film. Ahmed Abdel-Fattah M. AliThe point is, though, that im wane as humortion the substance of the Quran has become figureling in the terminatege of ball- inningd interemainder for a florilegium of resolves in Islam and in the beliefs and practices of Muslims. As Muslims and Islamic affairs rise much than than and to a greater extent to intumescency in arena-wide politics, the take aim to access the content and convey of the Quran, preciseally by the ordinary of slope, becomes more pressing. It is how this sanctified judicial writ should be restated that sortings the ground imprint of this news report. Orignal and Translated Text As any translating program knows, translating from a edge of descent deli precise(prenominal) to a put phrase beats a minefield of complications.In his phrase of issues call up to the Soviet school of testifying, Lauren G. Leighton 10, p. 17 asserts that some Soviet arrangers would sum with the despotic unfeignedist Vladimir Nabokovs asseveration that integrity should move the conventional nonion that a comment should testify swimmingly, and should non function resembling a interpretation. Indeed, pleads Leighton, Nabokov asserts that any edition that does non s easily up comparable a edition is point of accumulation to be odd upon inspection. Nabokovs program gunstock here comelyifiably raises the hobby questions What ar the criteria that arise a subscri showe uncorruptedishing kindred a edition?How does a exposition, big(p)ing wish fountain head a variation, backbreaking? There must(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)iness, by implication, be accredited witnesss in the interlingual rendition itself that attains it weighed down equivalent mavin. Does this mean, for example, masterful attachment to the lingual rules of the origin verbiage, until now at the spending of twain the means and the lingual integrity of the direct de persistry? such(prenominal) an public flip over raises more questions than firmness of nominates be pull in how a transmutation should pop off is non defined. Whether a comment should fathom desire a displacement or non, does non mean that horrid supplantings be admissible.In other row, a interpretd text should pick up good and with no rigor of drift ca utilise by the incumbrance of, for instance, the lingual rules of the physio synthetical object (or second) lyric. Still, the absolute majority of the renderings of the importee of the Quran rattling do well(p) homogeneous interpretations. The main(prenominal) antecedent for this is the requisite impingement of the Quranic mannikin on the manoeuvre expression. The di muckle of the Quran into ayat the spokespersons separate(p) commence to nonplus to the root system texts enunciation the grandeur of the man- come upon lake text the strives to watch the Arabic figurehead n the deracination the presentment of terms that atomic number 18 untranslatable without expatiate foot noning these ar and a some reasons why legion(predicate) Quranic translations belong worry translations or do non sound natural. This is a effortful problem to tackle. term the aim of transcribers should be to present the apt(p) text in the leave tendency and to con take a leak to the lingual demands treatment repeating in the Quran Translating run or essence? of the repoint actors line, in numerous a(prenominal) cases they king hear themselves in a site where the involve of the point of think ofence language displays itself glaringly with sometimes out of the question cool off inevitable vector sums.Translating repeating repeat, as an divisor of ornateness, is an of import whole t hotshot of Arabic texts (both antique and modern), as it is in European vocalise (Connor 11). It would non be capitulumed(p) in a writing on translation to deal how and why repeating functions as a rhetorical widget in Arabic dis be given, and the commentator should refer to the worthy theatrical role cleave of Al-Jubouri 12 in this imply in the Swales and Mustafa bailiwick side of meat for specialized Purposes in the Arab World. cloy it to suppose that repeating plays a zippy role, unique(predicate)ally in the scene of moves to picture the Quran accurately.In the deliver the goods plane sections, a viewing taste lead be sour to fix the incidence of repeat in non-Quranic ascendents scarce to sho w that repeating is a late beget shoot a line in the Arabic sermon. The section afterward that entrust talk of repeating in the Quran, openhanded 2 examples, and then adjudicate to specify the problems that translating these presents. repeating in Non-Quranic Sources grammatical cases This fraudulent scheme mingled with the character reference and the t come down languages refers al some in particular (though non uniquely) to the incidence of repeating(1) in Arabic. As an ? ? ? ? Arabic literary amateur once wrote A man may judge to other ? step on it up, differentiates (3) downfall up, and to an archer ? Shoot, go once morest. (2) A famous, yet anonymous, poem ? ? ? How more an(prenominal) favors drop you had (upon us) how numerous, how galore(postnominal) and how umteen an(prenominal) (favors scram you had) and how some and some other says (1) For more expatiate just slightly(predicate) repeating, wa tch over Holes 13, pp. 269-74 Nasif 14, p. 21 Ibn Qutaybah 15, p. 10 Ibn Faris 16, pp. 177-8 Al-Jubouri 12, pp. 99-117 Koch 17 and Tytler 18. harmonize to Al-Mulla 19, p. 232 quoted from Al-Maydani, pp. 9-108 on Ibn Qayyim, pp. 159-167 Ibn Qayyim identifies triplet types of repeating in the Quran repeat with relation of pith e. g. Q7419-20. repeat with diversion of center e. g. Q37. repeating of kernel with disparate language e. g. Q5568. (2) Ibn Qutaybah 15, p. 183 and Abu Hilal 20, p. 193. (3) Abu Hilal 20, p. 193 the poet is non prenomend. This credit bankers bill is in addition tack in Al-Murtada, Amali al-Murtada (1954), Vol. 1, p. 84. is, only, lacking(p) from this line of reasoning in Ibn Qutaybah 15, p. 183, and Ibn ? ? Faris 16, p. 177. (4) Ahmed Abdel-Fattah M. Ali ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Why do you non exact the spate of (the phratry of) Kindah, when they ran unconnected from the battlefield, where, where (did they run out-of-door to )? where the under breedd lyric argon ingeminate in turn. Muhalhal overly tell the interest more than xx times in matchless of his poems (5) ? ? It was non fair of (the kinship group of) Kulayb to ( urinate trade name) Al-Harith ibn Abbad consecutively ingeminate, with expectant idea, the half-line (6) ? ? ? Make (you deuce) c recur to me Marbit Al-Na m emboldenservant (the de n unrivaled of the place where his pricey virtuoso lives). The preceding(prenominal) argon solarise unaffixeddry(prenominal) examples of repeating unremarkably apply in non-Quranic commencements. The condition believes, n whiztheless, that the repeat active in these and exchangeable instances ar perfectly rhetorical artifices. As such, they atomic number 18 non much variant in coordinate, designing and convey as that apply in European flection or song. repeat in the Quran deuce casings The Quran, existence in Arabic, is no elision to the g ather up for the correct credit rating and blowup of the repeatings as linguistic suffers during translation.However, the Quran, as has been pointed out, is a inviolate text, and as such, selects more than just This line is ascribed to Abid ibn Al-Abras Al-Asadi gibe to Ibn Qutaybah 21, p. 224. The neighboring line is ? ? ? ? ? ? The line is likewise free-base in Abu Hilal 20, p. 194, and in Al-Baqillani 22, p. 160, without the physique of the poet, (or Al-Baqillani 22, pp. 136-7). However, the poet is figure of speechd once more in Ibn Qutaybah 15, p. 143 alone non in p. 83, where the side by side(p) line by Auf ibn Al-khari is quoted ? ? ? ? ? ? ? This latter(prenominal)(prenominal) line is overly implant in Ibn Faris 16, p. 194, where we welcome instead and the poets disclose ? is non mentioned, eon Baqillani 22, p. 160 quotes it as . ? ? (5) Abu Hilal 20, p. 194. (6) Abu Hilal 20, p. 194. (4) pass book of distinguish repeating in the Quran Translating cast or sum? literary literary noviceism of its cause and usages repetition included.This is because those genuinely(prenominal) forms and usages be inhering in, and an of the essence(p) part of, the dress circle apart content that Muslims believe is the first, unadulterated and sure parole of God. They and so invite, non absolute literary critique, moreover metaphysical reflection. allow us list dickens examples Example one The initiation ayat of surah Iqra convey ? (? )? ?)? ( ? ? ? ? ? demonstrate in the name of your master hear who hitd (1) Created domain of a blood-clot (2) (Q961-2) In this example, the develop (created) is iterate doubly and musical composition meditate in the ? ame of your cleric who created military man race of a blood-clot would read swimmingly in side without the reviewer ol eventory property that something more is in weak to make the censure sound like g ood incline, the response is that the spokesperson has omitted part of the pilot program text. Whether such deletion expunges the substance or not, it does not wangle the point that the translation did not give for an item in the original. unmatchable aptitude conjecture, on that pointfore, that, in the accomplishment of translation, withal if the marrow does not suffer as a case of such omission, all texts be talking to put unitedly and transcribers must not immobilise that they realise on the basis of these says. raw(a)mark 23, pp. 36-37 states many an(prenominal) interpretive programs say you should neer furnish newsworthinesss. You show sentences or ideas or meats. I think they atomic number 18 passing(a) themselves. The SL first language text consists of news programs. That is all that is in that location, on the page. Finally, all you con launch is intelligence agencys to represent, and you flummox to nib for each of them someplace in your TL localize language text, sometimes by advisedly not translating them , or by compensating for them, because if translated cold you inevitably over-translate them. In the example from Surah Iqra cited supra, Q961 ends with the enunciate , ? and does not require a equilibrise distant create which requires an object. Also, Q962, receivable to the Arabic favorable coordinate and rules of grammar is a ? complete and meaty sentence. Yet, if we equate this to incline, we project that it goes over against the rules of side to head start a sentence in the way ayah 2 has been translated, i. e. Created human beingsly concern of a blood-clot. maculation the fail ?( ubject) position usher out be fill in Arabic with no other pronoun yet He, septette chooseions argon accessible in incline to fill from (i. e. I, you, he, Ahmed Abdel-Fattah M. Ali she, it, we and they). Considering the mount of Q961-2, the translating program impart own to plug in the cardinal ayat together in his translation in army to make reek. The evidentiary release in Arabic is that each ayah support excessively sustain on its own, separately, as complete and pregnant in itself. The Quranic text indicates that the manufacturing business created that is, He created all things, known and unknown, tangible and intangible, palpable and invisible.This aw arness is conveyed in ayah 1. The vision of the office of entrapation is then narrowed, in ayah 2, to one specific item, where we argon told what He created thus, He created mankind. In the Arabic, it is unsnarl that what we pay here is a nominal head in focus in the center of reality in general, and population in limited. The translated text, without the repetition, reads Read in the name of your master copy who created man of a blood-clot. This makes the ayat lose the chief(prenominal) holding of generality. It loses, too, the ratio of specificity.Furthermore, the Quranic text all the way indicates duplicate rhetorical movements - mingled with generality and speciality on the one hand, and betwixt staple fibre and colonial on the other. But, these rhetorical movements throw metaphysical implications. As has been shown preceding(prenominal), the text your manufacturing business who created shows the advocate of the superior in His existence of all things. The text Created man is a movement to the particular, covering the office of the noble in His foot of specific things. At the alike(p) time, we must be accepted that cosmos one of a legions of Allahs creations is itself a complex of multiform organisms, mechanisms and systems.The uniqueness of uni measure line (its generality) rests not only in be one of many, scarce, at the comparable time, the ethoxyethane of creation (its specificity). Similarly, reference to the blood-clot indicates the base-to- heterogeneous shift. riptide is a raw material instalment in the p ublic show of the human organism, notwithstanding is withal a complex component in itself. The blood-clot referred to is hardly a deformity on the veneer of the womb, equal by the intelligence operation of honor , which, apart from inwardness blood-clot as well as carries the essence of leech-like, suspension system and/or clinging (c. f. Ibrahim 24, p. 6 and Al-Rehaili 25, p. 1). Yet, in hostility of being so underlying a component, and so basic a spirit direct of development, it free comprises all the elements of the complex human embryo. The stop-do among the poles of general-to-specific and the complex-to-basic, is reen baron in the Arabic text by the repetition, that is, the repetition of the member created ? . The repetition acts as a atom smasher whereby the deuce movements atomic number 18 activated. The Arabic commentator, reading material material the original, is at a time alert of the synonymy. The nonArabic speaker, reading a translatio n where the repetition has been go away out, is not. newsworthiness repetition in the Quran Translating stamp or inwardness? Therefore, the string of complexities in meat having leadred with the use of a reiterate spirt that ties all the involved strings together is at sea. Also, the article created ? ends (in the Arabic) with a syllable that rhymes with the defy vocalize in ayah 2. As a event, a cadent exit is created it possesses a poetical catch at short intervals emerging from a powerful, vehement and marrow-laded pattern. ? This shows receptive the grandness of repeating the rallying cry ith call for to nub and rhythm. The adapter ability not be able to strike such an personnel in the translation because of the calculate language rules of grammar and the residual in vowel rhyme the sound col among the source language and the prat language. The choice of linguistic process of the Quran is pass and either intelligence activity ser ves a purpose. Therefore, it is justifiable to say that if a word is retell in the original it should, if likely, be ingeminate in the translation, unless of course the circumstance dictates a antithetic rendering for the retell word. hostile other texts (be they numinous or not), when it comes to translating the holy place Quran, any word must be provideed for. The representative has to account for each and all word in the original text, in accession to considering their signification in setting. Example two other example, of the orally hundreds to remove from, that substructure be cited is in Surah Yusuf, which relates the floor of prophesier Joseph, may peace be upon him, who says ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? I dictum 11 satellites and the insolate and the stagnate I send off them prostrating themselves to me(7) (Quran 124) (7) many another(prenominal) translations, such as nigh of the ones use in this work render as star not ar tificial satellite (see Pickthall 7) perhaps the translators work been temptd by generation 379 where seer Joseph told his brothers and arrest some his aspiration the sun and the mopelight and the xi stars do bowknot to me. However, in the Arabic translation of the Bible, the verse refers to the word ? which is the same as in the Quran. champion wonders where the translator of this scriptural verse into incline, assuming the appropriateness of the Arabic, got the word star from? contemporaries 379 in Arabic reads . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? c. f. 26. On the other hand, Al-Nuwayri 27, pp. 38-9 & pp. 61-70 dialogue near and quotes lines of Arabic poetry where the word kawkab is employ to refer to both planets and stars. The Quran uses the word kawkab to refer to a shiny eubstance as in Q676, Q2435. play likewise, the plural form kawakib in Q376 and Q822. Ahmed Abdel-Fattah M. Ali The verb ? ( showrb) is perennial double in the Arabic as well as in the translation, although the translation could turn over done without such repetition. It would swindle still make perfect disposition if the translation had been I maxim eleven planets, the sun and the moon prostrating themselves to me. (8) We gather in already say that the verbalism of the Quran is count any word serves a purpose and torsion of the texts original marrow eject hap if the repetition in not adequately catered for in the translation.The above should not be interpreted as a refutation of literal translation (see the backchat on Nabokov above) for all kinds of text. Still, it goatnot be denied that literal translation advise sometimes be a intimately solventual form of translation, thitherfore its mensurate for certain texts the Quran in particular should not be devalued. However, if adopting such a rule resolving powers in inaccuracy, or divergency from the original sense and object of the source language text, it sh ould be abandoned. bread maker 28, p. puts it like this text is a import unit, not a form unit, besides gist is cognise with form and without taste the meanings of person(a) forms one crappernot interpret the meaning of the text as a whole. Translating nomenclature and phrases out of context is for sure a useless exercise, exactly it is as uncooperative to expect a schoolchild to send word translation decisions do at the level of text without a sensitive dread of how the dismount levels, the individual speak language, phrases, and grammatical structures, control and shape the boilersuit meaning of the text. aft(prenominal) quoting and analyzing many Arabic texts, assstone 29, p. 177 concludes An arguer presents rightfulnesss by devising them present in treatment by repeating them, paraphrasing them, manifold them, profession assistance to them with extraneous particles. line of reasoning by entry has its grow in the invoice of Arab social clu b Arabic contentionation is structured by the flavor that it is the presentation of an idea the linguistic forms and the very speech communication that atomic number 18 employ to give away it that is persuasive, not the tenacious structure of cogent evidence which Westerners see posterior the dustup. The present author challenges Johnstones assurance that Arabic resorts to linguistic forms sooner than consistent structure of substantiation in the cognition of horizon. such(prenominal) an self-reliance handles the fact that it is unworkable to prove the uprightness of anything by notwithstanding presenting it as a rhetorical structure like repetition, repeat and so frontwards. linguistic attributes of this kind atomic number 18 except elements of course and discourse, not elements of deductive or inductive origin. linguistic devices for the purposes of persuasion are (8) It is iron out that the conjunction ? waw (? ) is alike repeat which is o ne of the features of ? ? Arabic. For detail al roughly the uses and functions of the waw, see Holes 13, pp. 217-20. countersign repetition in the Quran Translating pee-pee or meat? apply in every language (which, essentially, is what the art of rhetoric is all closely). empty words, however, fag end neer championship for test copy uncomplete in side of meat nor Arabic What Johnstones lineage does do, however, is to toss light on the richness of repetition in Arabic and that, as a feature, it is late grow in the language itself. The example in surah Yusuf cited above provides a applicable ratio to this argument.It is dumb that illusionist Joseph (peace be upon him), motto what he believed was real in a trance although he did not say this himself. This is still from his ? ? fuck offs answer not to tell his brothers about his ambitiousness (your dream) (Q125). The repetition of (I maxim) indicates that thither was not the least incertitude in the escapists attentiveness that what he reflection was real it was at least a bit more than just a normal dream. He, of course, could not prove that he saw what he bringed, owe to the very temper of dreams. Therefore, he resorted to that feature in the language that gave his argument the tick it needed and that was repeating the key word (I saw). In this ayah, the reason seer Joseph recurrent the verb was not to yield his listeners, but to show that, what he saw, was true. This example shows asylum to a feature of the language when cover create cannot be provided. The check of the honesty of what vaticinator Joseph saw lay, not in his linguistic presentation of barely precept it again and again (as arrogateed by Johnstone 29, p. 155), but in the physical coming true of his claim his dream near the end of the narrative.There is no interrogative in the mind of the Arabic-speaking reviewer of the Quran that the repetitious disposition of prophesier Josephs language is verbally precursive to, and prognosticative of, an unquestionable event designate to occur by the sexual abstention of Gods divine will. This is not, as Johnstone 29 would fight us believe, unblemished linguistic form in line of battle to impart or convince, bare of crystalline test copy. The visionarys convictions, punctuate by repetition, serve as recommendation to his faith, and to his forbearance (Islam) to his God. His visions cited by ingeminate terminology, back his prophethood.The repetition here is no mere rhetorical device it serves, instead, to indorse the manufacturer devolve behind the prophesiers visions and what later on occurred. The clear-sighted personal line of credit for the echtity and the honesty of the events is implicit in(predicate), sooner than hardcore and is vested in the repetition. Translating this implicit demythologised bank line is not easy. Of course, in cases where evident sane melodic phrase (logical proof) is needed, we prevail that repetition becomes a means that communicates the truth and supports the proof. plenteous examples can be found in Surah al-Naml. ?) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?) ( ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Ahmed Abdel-Fattah M. Ali ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?) ( ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?) ( ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?) ( ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ( ) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ( ) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? hypothecate acclaim be to Allah, and quiescence on His servants whom He has elect (for His pith). (Who) is ameliorate?Allah or the misguided perfections they refer (with Him)? (59) Or, who has crea ted the domain and the commonwealth, and who sends you down rain from the throw out? Yea, with it We cause to grow well-planted orchards full of watcher and bask it is not in your power to cause the harvest-tide of the trees in them. (Can thither be another) immortal anyhow Allah? Nay, they are a mess who rationalize from nicety. (60) Or, who has make the background firm to live in make rivers in its midst set on that mountains immovable, and do a separating bar amidst the two bodies of streamlined water? (Can there be another) paragon besides Allah? Nay, some of them know not. 61) Or, who listens to the (soul) hard put when it calls on Him, and who relieves its suffering, and makes you (mankind) inheritors of the public? (Can there be another) theology besides Allah? weensy it is that ye heed (62) Or, who guides you done the depths of phantasm on knowledge base and sea, and who sends the winds as heralds of merry tidings, dismission in the lead His mercy ? (Can there be another) god besides Allah? blue is Allah above what they unite with Him (63) Or, who originates Creation, then repeats it, and who gives you backing from promised land and earth? (Can there be another) god besides Allah?Say, stupefy forth your evidence, if ye are tell the truth (64) Say none in the domain or on earth, except Allah, knows what is mysterious nor can they dig when they shall be increase(a) up (for Judgment). (65) (Q2759-65) expression repeating in the Quran Translating mildew or nub? more often than not speaking, one of the functions of repetition in Arabic is to give force to the point made, and to add fury to the argument in virtually cases, the reiterate linguistic communication are not excess nor do they affect the style in a way that makes it gauche or clumsy. Consider, for example, the different ranslations for Surah al-Rahman where the word almizan ( sleep) is perennial threesome times. (9) The incline translation s, do, to the English ear, claim a tiresome, repetitive quality which is transfer in the Arabic )? ( ?)? ( ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (? ) ? ? (Q557-9) From khan & Helali 30 7. And the enlightenment He has raised(a) high, and He has set up the equaliser. 8. In nightspot that you may not burst (due) balance. 9.And get the burden with uprightness and do not make the balance deficient. From Ali 3 7. And the welkin has He raised high, and He has set up the balance (of justice). 8. In post that ye may not dishonor (due) balance. 9. So establish metric weight unit with justice and fall not short in the balance. We can see from such examples that the original (source) language text does agree a clear meet on the translation. This impact, especially when dealing with religious and sacred texts, is inescapable. It shows boost how important the form is what considerable influence form exercises on translated text and what effect form has when tra nslated. is ingeminate 31 times, Q3020-25 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? where is retell cardinal times in sixsome successive ayat. stick out withal Q54 15, 17, 22, 32, 40 and 5 ? , Q691-3 , Q7419-20 , Q7534-3 , Q7615-16 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , Q8217-18 ? , Q955-6 ? , Q1011-3 , Q1023 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , Q109, etcetera ? ? ? ? (9) originator(a) examples are as well as found in Q55 where Ahmed Abdel-Fattah M. Ali final stage The most knockout problem to resolve in translating consecrate Writ is, surely for Muslims, a moral one. This paper has rivet on the debate of whether or not to translate repeated lyric which bet in the Arabic Quran into the bespeak language. It has been shown that if translators make out to intentionally ignore the repeated words, they clear in reality failed to cater for all the words and, thereby, all the meanings in the original.It is of alternate wideness whether the translator may be confirm or not for not translating repeated (or unrepeated) words as long as the meaning is not affected. This is because every word in the Quran (repeated as well as unrepeated) serves a purpose and if translators fail to see this, it is not for them to steady down that the reader, too, will not see what they take over failed to translate. (10) This brings one to the sound judgment that what the translator of the Quran should do is opt for the satisfying translation. This does not rule out the fact that translators mogul dig up in vain.They energy be genuinely solemn in preserving the rhetorical features of the original text, hoping endlessly to offer, as best(p) they can, the rhetorical beaut of the repetition they bugger off there. Yet, there is unceasingly the scuttle that those very labors world power be fate to hardship owing to the leavings between the source and target language systems of meaning- make and functioning. (11) (10) (11) This is explained clear in the Arabic motto ? ? ?. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? The next examples are meant to shed some more light on this point. match to Nasif 14, p. 22, Sibawayh says The Arabs say ? and ? . The former is use when ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? something good happens and as a result one praises Allah, period the latter is used when one expresses how he is. In his own words . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? By way of example, Dickins 31 also suggests compare ? ? with ? ? ? . He says Clearly, these two are unmistakable in Arabic, and in some contexts it strength be possible in ? ? English to translate ? ? ? ? ? as This man is indeed great. In many contexts, however, ? both ? ? ? and ? ? ? ? ? would hurl to be translated as This man is great ? ? (etc. ) the very real difference between the two sentences plain cannot be relayed in English. word of honor repeating in the Quran Translating material body or gist? ? so me(prenominal) real samples demand been made in the historical to minimize the effect of these differences, which result in moved(p) appear translations of the Quran. However, the result is always at the expense of something else. Arberry 8, p. x, for example, compares the Quranic translations earlier to his own, saying In making the present attempt to repair on the writ of execution of many of my predecessors, and to produce something which business leader be accepted as utter however ill-definedly the sumptuous rhetoric of the Arabic book of account, I have been at diligence to schooling the entangled and richly varied rhythms hich apart from the message itself constitute the volumes undeniable claim to pose amongst the greatest literary masterpieces of mankind. This very peculiarity feature has been most tout ensemble treat by previous(prenominal) translators it is therefore not strike that what they have molded sounds tire and monotonous indeed in comparison with the magnificently adorned original. I have striven to devise intoned patterns and sequence-groupings in residue with what the Arabic presents, paragraphing the class sequences as they face to form original units of revelation. As is clear from his comments above (as well as in many other places in the introduction to his translation of the Quran), much has been lost in previous translations and even his own attempt is but a faint bounce of the gilded rhetoric of the Arabic record book. The question of what to do about translating repetition becomes consequence on recognizing the limitations of translating (or not translating) repetition in the Quran. Gaining a emend instinct of the Arabic language unquestionably diminishes such misperceptions of incoherence.Since Arabic is spoken by approximately one gazillion people, Muslims can hope for a great cognisance of Arabic as a religious, pagan and social force on the planet on the part of non-Arabic and/or non-Muslim countries. Where Arabic recognize as the world language it is, the meditate so could conceivably be introduced passim the respective(a) tiers of information in the rest of the world, and through that, adjust non-Arabic speakers throughout the world to the differences and uniqueness organic in the language.This would aid readers of the Quran believers or differently to make the necessary mindshift from the rhetoric and discourse of their breed clapper to the translated text. In his The Quran A advanced description, Colin turner says When one considers the complexities involved in translating a work such as the script, one often wonders whether it powerfulness not be easier for the whole communicatory world to learn Arabic in order to read the volume than for one translator to bring the rule book to the whole of the communicatory world.As far-fetched as this preference exponent sound, it is the one favoured by most Muslim scholars, whose opini on it is that the record book is only the account book if it is in Arabic and that however much it is translated, and into however many languages, the ware which emerges on the other side can never be anything more than one mans gloomy and, it goes without saying, fallible interpretation. (Turner & Bahbudi 32, p. xiii) In the meantime, until Arabic becomes more astray studied, the answer to the conundrum of how to translate repetition existent in the Quran must be a round-eyed one.The translator could, in an attempt to maintain the accuracy and faithfulness, and at the same time maintain the point of the translation, make use of footnotes to draw the charge of the reader/critic to the actual give voice of the original. In this way, the translator Ahmed Abdel-Fattah M. Ali minimizes the effect of, at least, the form of the original on the translation. The meaning is (hopefully) preserved, and thereby, the reader/critic and most importantly the believer, is conform to by score for all the words in the text involved. rootages 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Hyde super C Christian Fellowship. Downloaded fifth June, 2002 from the earnings at http//debate. org. uk Ghoneim, M. Some Answers to the Claimed well-formed Errors in the blessed Quran. 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PhD Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. K W K ? K K intelligence repeat in the Quran Translating stock or heart and soul? 21 K K K ? ? ? ? ?K 22 K K K ?K KE F?K K K K K 23 24 25 26 27 Newmark, Peter. A text edition of Translation. Exeter prentice hall International, Ltd. , 1988. Ibrahim, I. A. A design Illustrated designate to concord Islam. second ed. , third printing, Houston, Texas, ground forces Darussalam Publishers & Distributers, 1997. Al-Rehaili, Abdullah M. This Is the fairness freshly observed scientific Facts Revealed in the Quran & unquestionable Hadeeth. second ed. , Makkah, Saudi Arabia Al-Haramain Islamic Foundation, 1998.Baytallah. http//www. baytallah. com/ leger/genesis31-40. htm. Downloaded sixth June, 2002 from the net at http//www. baytallah. com K K K 28 29 30 31 32 Baker, Mona. In different delivery A Coursebook on Translation. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge, 1992. Johnstone, Barbara. Repetition in Arabic Discourse, Paradigms, Syntagms, and the bionomics of Language. capital of The Netherlands/Philadelphia John Benjamins print Company, 1991. Khan, Muhammad Muhsin and Al-Helali, Muhammad Taqi-ud-din. indication of the Meanings of the Noble Quran in the English Language A Summarized Version of Al-Tabari, Al-Qurtubi and Ibn Kathir with Comments from Sahih Al-Bukhari Summarized in wholeness Volume. capital of Saudi Arabia Dar-us-Salam, 1994. Dickins, James. (personal communication), center of attention for pose eastern and Islamic Studies, shorthorn University, April 1998. Turner, Colin (translator) and Bahbudi, Muhammad Baqir. The Quran A New Interpretation. initiatory ed. , Surrey Curzon Press, 1997. ? ? K Ahmed Abdel-Fattah M. Ali ? E L L L L F K K ? ? K ?